Buildings

Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem is the third holiest site in Islam, central to the Night Journey (Isra and Miraj) of Prophet Muhammad, and a symbol of Islamic heritage and Palestinian identity for over 1,300 years.

A magnificent palace and fortress complex in Granada, Spain, built by the Nasrid dynasty. Considered the pinnacle of Islamic architecture in Western Europe, the Alhambra represents the final flowering of Islamic art and culture in Al-Andalus.

The Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmed Mosque) in Istanbul, built between 1609-1616 CE, is one of the most magnificent examples of Ottoman architecture and a masterpiece of Islamic architectural achievement.

The Great Mosque of Córdoba, known as the Mezquita, is one of the most magnificent examples of Islamic architecture in the world. Built over two centuries by the Umayyad rulers of Al-Andalus, it features a forest of horseshoe arches, intricate decorative programs, and represents the pinnacle of Moorish architectural achievement in Spain.

The Great Mosque of Mecca (Masjid al-Haram) is Islam's holiest site, housing the Kaaba and serving as the focal point for the Hajj pilgrimage and daily prayers for over 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide.

A comprehensive overview of significant mosques constructed during the 20th century, showcasing architectural innovation, cultural significance, and the global expansion of Islamic communities across six continents.

The Taj Mahal, an ivory-white marble mausoleum built between 1632 and 1653 CE by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal, stands as the supreme achievement of Mughal architecture and one of the most recognizable monuments in the world. Located on the banks of the Yamuna River in Agra, India, this masterpiece seamlessly blends Persian, Islamic, and Indian architectural traditions into a harmonious whole that has captivated visitors for nearly four centuries. The monument's perfect proportions, exquisite decorative details, and profound symbolism represent not only the pinnacle of artistic and engineering achievement during the Mughal Empire's golden age but also serve as an enduring testament to the power of love and the human desire to create beauty that transcends mortality.

The Dome of the Rock is an iconic Islamic shrine in Jerusalem, built by Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan in 691 CE. As the third holiest site in Islam, it stands over the Foundation Stone from which Prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven during the Night Journey, representing a masterpiece of early Islamic architecture and art.

The House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikmah) was a major intellectual center in Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate (8th-13th centuries) that became legendary for its role in preserving and translating Greek, Persian, and Indian knowledge into Arabic, contributing profoundly to the Islamic Golden Age and the transmission of classical learning to medieval Europe.

The Kaaba is the most sacred site in Islam, a cubic stone structure in Mecca that serves as the qibla (direction of prayer) for Muslims worldwide. Built by Prophet Abraham and his son Ishmael, it represents the unity of the Muslim ummah and is the focal point of the annual Hajj pilgrimage.

Topkapi Palace, constructed beginning in 1459 CE by Sultan Mehmed II following the conquest of Constantinople, served as the primary residence and administrative headquarters of Ottoman sultans for nearly four centuries. Located on Seraglio Point overlooking the Bosphorus, Golden Horn, and Sea of Marmara, this vast complex of courtyards, pavilions, and gardens represents the pinnacle of Ottoman palace architecture and imperial power. Home to successive sultans, their families, the famous Imperial Harem, and thousands of courtiers and servants, Topkapi was not merely a residence but the nerve center of an empire that spanned three continents. Today, as a museum since 1924 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985, Topkapi Palace offers an unparalleled window into Ottoman imperial life, Islamic art and architecture, and the sophisticated administrative systems that governed one of history's most powerful empires.