Algebra

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (c. 780–850 CE) was a mathematician and astronomer at Baghdad's House of Wisdom whose treatise gave algebra its name, who introduced Hindu numerals to the Islamic world, and whose Latinized name became the root of the word algorithm.

Algebra takes its name from the Arabic al-jabr, an operation described by al-Khwarizmi in his ninth-century treatise that established the discipline. Building on Babylonian, Greek, and Indian traditions, his framework for solving equations later shaped European science.

Islamic scholars made groundbreaking contributions to science, medicine, mathematics, and astronomy during the 8th-15th centuries, preserving ancient knowledge and advancing human understanding through systematic research and institutional support.

Islamic mathematicians revolutionized mathematics during the Golden Age, developing algebra, advancing geometry and trigonometry, introducing the decimal system, and making groundbreaking contributions that laid foundations for modern mathematics.