Algorithm

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (c. 780–850 CE) was a mathematician and astronomer at Baghdad's House of Wisdom whose treatise gave algebra its name, who introduced Hindu numerals to the Islamic world, and whose Latinized name became the root of the word algorithm.

Algebra takes its name from the Arabic al-jabr, an operation described by al-Khwarizmi in his ninth-century treatise that established the discipline. Building on Babylonian, Greek, and Indian traditions, his framework for solving equations later shaped European science.