Economic History

Alauddin Khalji (r. 1296-1316) was the second ruler of the Khalji dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. His reign brought Gujarat, Rajasthan, Malwa and much of peninsular India under Delhi, turned back six Mongol invasions, and fixed land revenue by measurement, army pay in cash, and market prices.

Islamic trade routes formed the backbone of medieval global commerce, connecting Europe, Asia, and Africa through sophisticated networks that facilitated the exchange of goods, knowledge, and cultural practices for over a millennium.