Medical Ethics

Abu Bakr al-Razi (854–925 CE), known in the Latin West as Rhazes, was the greatest clinical physician of the medieval Islamic world. His observations on smallpox and measles, his encyclopedia al-Hawi, and his chemistry shaped Islamic and European medicine for centuries.

Islamic hospitals (bimaristans) revolutionized medical care, introducing medical education, clinical training, specialized departments, and comprehensive patient care. These institutions combined healing with teaching and research centuries ahead of their time.