Al-Razi

Abu Bakr al-Razi (854–925 CE), known in the Latin West as Rhazes, was the greatest clinical physician of the medieval Islamic world. His observations on smallpox and measles, his encyclopedia al-Hawi, and his chemistry shaped Islamic and European medicine for centuries.

Islamic scholars made groundbreaking contributions to science, medicine, mathematics, and astronomy during the 8th-15th centuries, preserving ancient knowledge and advancing human understanding through systematic research and institutional support.

Islamic medicine was among the most significant traditions of the medieval world. Building on Greek, Persian, and Indian foundations, its physicians developed the public hospital, produced the era's most comprehensive medical encyclopedias, and transmitted a transformed practice to Europe.