Battle of Manzikert

Alp Arslan (c. 1029-1072) was the second Seljuk sultan, whose victory over the Byzantine emperor Romanos IV at Manzikert in 1071 broke Byzantine defences in Asia Minor and opened Anatolia to Turkish settlement. He was killed the following year on campaign in Transoxiana.

The Seljuk Empire (1037-1194 CE) was a powerful Turkish-Sunni dynasty that dominated the Middle East and Anatolia, defeated the Byzantine Empire at Manzikert, established Turkish power in Anatolia, and patronized the famous Nizamiyya schools.