Calligraphy

Comprehensive guide to Islamic architecture covering design principles, architectural elements, regional styles, famous mosques and palaces, and the evolution from classical to modern Islamic buildings.

Comprehensive guide to Islamic art covering calligraphy, geometric patterns, arabesque designs, miniature painting, ceramics, textiles, metalwork, and regional artistic traditions across 1,400 years.

Lubna of Córdoba (10th century CE) was an Andalusian scholar, mathematician, and calligrapher who served as royal secretary and palace librarian under Caliph Al-Hakam II. She mastered mathematics, grammar, poetry, and calligraphy, symbolizing women's intellectual achievements in Al-Andalus.