Holy Land

The decisive battle of July 4, 1187 CE, where Saladin's forces crushed the Crusader armies near Hattin in Palestine. This pivotal victory led to the recapture of Jerusalem and marked the beginning of the end of Crusader dominance in the Holy Land.

The Crusades were a series of religious wars launched from Western Europe between 1095 and 1291 CE to capture Jerusalem and the Holy Land. They reshaped medieval Christian-Muslim relations, produced two centuries of intermittent conflict and exchange, and left a lasting legacy.