Mamluk Period

Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (1445-1505 CE) was an Egyptian scholar of the late Mamluk period and the most prolific author in Islamic literature. His Al-Itqan remains the standard classical survey of the Qur'anic sciences, and his Tadrib al-Rawi a principal manual of hadith method.

Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328 CE) was a Hanbali jurist and theologian in Mamluk Damascus and Cairo. He critiqued speculative theology and practices such as tomb visitation, issued influential fatwas, and was imprisoned repeatedly. His writings shaped later Islamic reform movements.