Technology

Badi' al-Zaman Abu al-'Izz ibn Isma'il ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazari (1136-1206 CE) was a polymath, engineer, and inventor who served the Artuqid dynasty. His Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices documented over 100 mechanical inventions and established foundational principles of engineering.

The Islamic civilization of Al-Andalus profoundly shaped European development through the transmission of knowledge, architecture, technology, and culture. From translating classical texts to introducing new agriculture, Islamic Spain bridged the Islamic world and medieval Europe.