Balkan Wars

Mehmed V (1844-1918) reigned as Ottoman sultan from 1909 to 1918 as a constitutional figurehead while the Committee of Union and Progress governed. His reign saw the loss of Libya and the Balkan provinces, entry into the First World War, and the Armenian genocide.

Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari (1880-1936) was an Indian physician and nationalist who presided over both the All India Muslim League and the Indian National Congress. Trained in Edinburgh and London, he led the Indian Medical Mission to Turkey in 1912 and was Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia.