Kandahar

Ahmad Shah Durrani (c. 1722-1772) founded the Durrani Empire at Kandahar in 1747 and is generally regarded as the founder of the modern Afghan state. He invaded India repeatedly and broke Maratha power at Panipat in 1761, but established no lasting rule there.

Shah Jahan (1592-1666), fifth Mughal emperor, ruled from 1628 until his deposition in 1658. His reign brought Mughal architecture to its height and drained the treasury in failed campaigns for Balkh and Kandahar, ending in the succession war that raised Aurangzeb.