Koprulu Fazil Ahmed Pasha

Koprulu Fazil Ahmed Pasha (1635-1676) served fifteen years as Ottoman grand vizier, the longest tenure of the era. Trained as a scholar, he took Candia in 1669 after a 24-year war, won Podolia from Poland, and secured favourable terms from the Habsburgs after losing a battle.

Mehmed IV (1642-1693) reigned thirty-nine years from the age of six. His reign spanned the near-collapse of the 1650s, the Kopruluu recovery, the capture of Candia, the failure before Vienna in 1683, and the losses that led to his deposition in 1687.