Murad IV

Kösem Sultan (c. 1589-1651), also known by her harem name Mahpeyker, was the wife of Sultan Ahmed I and mother of Sultans Murad IV and Ibrahim I. As valide sultan and regent she dominated Ottoman politics for four decades before being killed in a palace power struggle with her rival, Turhan Sultan.

Murad IV (1612-1640) became Ottoman sultan at eleven, took personal control at twenty in 1632, and imposed order by force. He banned tobacco, alcohol and coffeehouses, recaptured Baghdad from the Safavids in 1638, and fixed the eastern frontier by the Treaty of Zuhab.