Muslim Communities

Islam has been part of European history since the eighth century through three main pathways: the civilization of Al-Andalus in Iberia, the Arab and Norman period in Sicily, and the Ottoman presence in the Balkans. Each left lasting marks on European culture and religious geography.

A comprehensive overview of Islam's presence in North America, from early Muslim slaves and immigrants to the diverse Muslim communities of today, including indigenous Islamic movements, immigration patterns, and contemporary challenges and contributions.