Quran Compilation

The first Rashidun Caliph (632-634 CE) and closest companion of Prophet Muhammad. Known as 'Al-Siddiq' (The Truthful), he preserved Islamic unity after the Prophet's death, defeated the Ridda rebellions, compiled the Quran, and initiated Islamic conquests beyond Arabia.

After heavy losses among the Qur'an reciters at Yamama, Caliph Abu Bakr ordered Zayd ibn Thabit to gather the Qur'an into a single written record. The resulting suhuf was an archival master held in the caliph's keeping, not a published edition, and it became the basis of Uthman's standardisation.

The Quran is the scripture of Islam, held by Muslims to be the speech of Allah revealed to Prophet Muhammad over some twenty-three years. It comprises 114 surahs and, in the Egyptian standard edition, 6,236 verses.

The third Rashidun Caliph (644-656 CE), known for standardizing the Quran and expanding the Islamic navy. A wealthy merchant from the Umayyad clan, he was one of the earliest converts to Islam and married two daughters of Prophet Muhammad.