Shah Jahan

Jahangir (r. 1605-1627) succeeded Akbar as the fourth Mughal emperor. He issued twelve ordinances, hung a chain of justice at Agra, blinded and then had physicians treat his rebel son Khusrau, shared government with Nur Jahan, lost Kandahar to Iran, and kept a candid memoir of his reign.

Shah Jahan (1592-1666), fifth Mughal emperor, ruled from 1628 until his deposition in 1658. His reign brought Mughal architecture to its height and drained the treasury in failed campaigns for Balkh and Kandahar, ending in the succession war that raised Aurangzeb.

The Taj Mahal (1632-1653 CE) is an ivory-white marble mausoleum built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Located in Agra, India, this masterpiece blends Persian, Islamic, and Indian architectural traditions, representing the pinnacle of Mughal achievement.

The Mughal Empire (1526-1857) ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for three centuries, from Babur's victory at Panipat to the deposition of Bahadur Shah Zafar. At its height it was among the wealthiest and most populous states in the world.