Prophet Muhammad

Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (the Prophet's Mosque) in Medina is the second holiest mosque in Islam. Founded by Prophet Muhammad in 622 CE after the Hijra, it served as the center of the early Muslim community and contains the Prophet's tomb beneath the Green Dome.

The first major military victory of the Muslim community on March 13, 624 CE, where 313 Muslims defeated a much larger Meccan army. This decisive battle established the military credibility of the Islamic state and marked the beginning of Islamic expansion.

The Battle of Khandaq (627 CE), also called the Battle of the Trench, was a twenty-seven-day siege of Medina by a coalition of some ten thousand Quraysh and allied tribes. On Salman al-Farsi's advice the Muslims dug a defensive trench, and the coalition withdrew without a decisive battle.

The Battle of Uhud (March 625 CE) was the second major engagement between Medina's Muslims and the Meccan Quraysh. After an early Muslim advantage, archers left their posts, enabling a Qurayshi cavalry attack that wounded the Prophet, killed Hamza, and ended in a strategic draw.

The conquest of Mecca in 630 CE (8 AH) was the decisive event of the Prophetic era. After eight years of exile, Prophet Muhammad led ten thousand Muslims into the city, declared a general amnesty, purified the Kaaba of its idols, and transformed the Arabian political landscape.

The Constitution of Medina (622 CE) was a written agreement between Prophet Muhammad and the communities of Medina — Muslim emigrants, Muslim Medinan tribes, and several Jewish tribes — establishing mutual obligations, collective defense, and a framework for resolving disputes.

The Hijra (622 CE) was Prophet Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina, marking the Islamic calendar's beginning and establishing the first Islamic state. This pivotal event transformed Islam from a persecuted movement into a thriving autonomous community.

The miraculous night journey of Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem and his ascension through the heavens, one of the most significant spiritual events in Islamic history. This divine experience established the five daily prayers.

The holiest city in Islam, birthplace of Prophet Muhammad, and site of the Kaaba. Located in Saudi Arabia's Hejaz region, it is the destination of the annual Hajj pilgrimage and the direction of prayer for Muslims worldwide.

Muhammad ibn Abdullah (570-632 CE) was the final Prophet and Messenger of Allah who received the Quran's revelation. His exemplary character and teachings transformed Arabian society and established Islam as a complete way of life.

The Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary, named in the Qur'an and described in the hadith as standing in the highest heaven, at the limit beyond which no created being passes. The Prophet Muhammad reached it during the Night Journey and Ascension.

The Sunnah represents the teachings, practices, and sayings of Prophet Muhammad, serving as the second primary source of Islamic guidance after the Quran. It provides practical examples of how to implement Quranic principles in daily life.

The Farewell Pilgrimage (Hajjat al-Wada) of 632 CE was the only Hajj Prophet Muhammad performed after the Hijra. Its rites, recorded in detail by his companions, became the model for Hajj in Islamic law, and his addresses at Arafat and Mina set out enduring obligations.

The Kaaba is the most sacred site in Islam, a cubic stone structure in Mecca that serves as the qibla (direction of prayer) for Muslims worldwide. Built by Prophet Abraham and his son Ishmael, it represents the unity of the Muslim ummah and is the focal point of the annual Hajj pilgrimage.

The Meccan Period (610-622 CE) encompasses the first thirteen years of Prophet Muhammad's mission, from the first revelation to the Hijra. This period saw the establishment of Islamic monotheism and the formation of the early Muslim community.

The holy book of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the direct word of Allah revealed to Prophet Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel (Jibril) over 23 years. The Quran serves as the primary source of Islamic law, guidance, and spiritual instruction for Muslims worldwide.

The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (628 CE / 6 AH) was a ten-year truce between the Muslims of Medina and the Quraysh of Mecca. Though its terms seemed to favor the Quraysh and many companions opposed it, within two years it fueled the community's rapid growth and the near-bloodless entry into Mecca.