Umar ibn al-Khattab

The Battle of Yarmouk (636 CE) was the decisive military engagement that secured Muslim conquest of the Levant, where Khalid ibn al-Walid's tactical genius led to a crushing defeat of the Byzantine Empire and opened Syria and Palestine to Islamic rule.

After heavy losses among the Qur'an reciters at Yamama, Caliph Abu Bakr ordered Zayd ibn Thabit to gather the Qur'an into a single written record. The resulting suhuf was an archival master held in the caliph's keeping, not a published edition, and it became the basis of Uthman's standardisation.

The conquest of Jerusalem in 638 CE by Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab marked the peaceful Islamic liberation of the holy city, establishing principles of religious tolerance and protection that would characterize Islamic rule in Jerusalem for centuries.

Hafsa bint Umar, daughter of Umar ibn al-Khattab and a wife of Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him), held the written compilation of the Qur'an made under Abu Bakr. Uthman borrowed it from her for the standardisation of the text. She was literate, transmitted hadith, and died in 45 AH.

The unprecedented territorial expansion of the Islamic empire under Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (634-644 CE), which transformed Islam from an Arabian state into a world power spanning three continents through the conquest of the Sassanian Empire and much of the Byzantine Empire.

The third holiest city in Islam, known as Al-Quds (The Holy). Site of the Al-Aqsa Mosque and Dome of the Rock, and the destination of Prophet Muhammad's Night Journey (Isra and Miraj). Conquered peacefully by Umar ibn al-Khattab in 637 CE.

The historic and humble entry of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab into Jerusalem in 638 CE, demonstrating Islamic values of humility, justice, and religious tolerance through his personal conduct and the establishment of the Umariyya Covenant protecting Christian rights.